A clearer look at 48 compounds. Explore what they are, how they work, and what the evidence can actually tell us.
MetabolicAOD-9604 is a modified fragment related to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone. It was investigated for metabolic and weight-related effects. Describing it as a fragment of a familiar hormone does not establish that it shares every action, benefit, or safety property of that hormone.
RepairARA-290, also known as cibinetide, is an investigational peptide designed around tissue-protective signaling associated with erythropoietin biology. It is studied for conditions including small-fiber neuropathy. It should not be portrayed as a proven universal nerve-regeneration treatment.
RepairBPC-157 is an experimental 15-amino-acid peptide frequently discussed in connection with tendon, ligament, muscle, and gastrointestinal research. Its popularity in recovery communities is much greater than the strength of evidence establishing a clinical treatment benefit in people.
MetabolicCagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management, including in combination with semaglutide. A combination name describes a development program, not proof that an independently purchased mixture has the same identity, quality, or clinical evidence.
NeuroscienceCerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived preparation containing a mixture of peptides and other components. It is not one defined synthetic peptide. It has been investigated in neurological conditions and used in some jurisdictions, but United States readers need to distinguish that history from FDA approval.
Growth signalingCJC-1295 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone analog studied for prolonged stimulation of the growth hormone and IGF-1 axis. Online listings frequently blur the distinction between the albumin-binding DAC compound and other modified GHRH fragments. Those names should not be treated as interchangeable.
NeuroscienceDihexa is an experimental angiotensin IV-related peptidomimetic studied in nervous-system models. Online accounts often use dramatic potency comparisons to imply exceptional cognitive benefit. A laboratory potency statement is not a measure of improvement in a person’s memory or daily functioning.
NeuroscienceDSIP stands for delta sleep-inducing peptide, also called emideltide. The name suggests a sleep effect but should not be treated as evidence of a reliable insomnia treatment. The human literature is limited and includes small studies with cautious conclusions.
OtherEpitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide often discussed in longevity research. Its association with telomeres has led to broad online claims about slowing aging. The ability to change a laboratory marker is much narrower than proof that a treatment extends healthy human life.
Growth signalingFollistatin is a regulatory protein that binds signaling molecules such as activins. It is not a simple short peptide, and it has multiple isoforms and biological roles. Online muscle-building discussions often reduce this complex biology to blocking myostatin, which can be misleading.
OtherFOXO4-DRI is an experimental peptide investigated as a senolytic approach. Senolytics aim to selectively remove certain senescent cells. This research concept is not the same as proof that a consumer product reverses human aging or safely improves health in otherwise healthy adults.
SkinGHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide studied in skin biology and used in cosmetic formulations. The topical cosmetic ingredient and an injected preparation are different exposures. Evidence about one route should not be used to imply that the other has equivalent benefit or safety.
Growth signalingGHRP-2 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue used in endocrine research. It is also called pralmorelin. Changes in GH release and appetite are part of its pharmacology, but they do not establish an approved muscle-building or anti-aging treatment in the United States.
Growth signalingGHRP-6 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide studied as a secretagogue. It belongs to the ghrelin-receptor family of experimental compounds. Its name is often used in performance-oriented discussions, but hormone stimulation should not be presented as established evidence of better athletic recovery.
SkinGLOW is a marketing name used for peptide blends rather than a single, universally defined molecule. Products can differ in their ingredients, ratios, route, and intended use. A guide should therefore begin with the actual label instead of assuming that every GLOW product represents one standardized intervention.
Growth signalingGonadorelin is a synthetic form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The endogenous hormone links hypothalamic signaling with pituitary release of reproductive hormones. Its diagnostic and therapeutic history should be separated from current wellness claims and from the status of a particular marketed formulation.
Growth signalingHexarelin is an experimental growth hormone-releasing peptide, also known as examorelin. It has been used to investigate endocrine responses and is sometimes promoted for muscle or recovery goals. A strong hormone response does not establish an approved or beneficial performance-enhancing treatment.
NeuroscienceHumanin is a short peptide associated with mitochondrial signaling and cellular stress responses. It was identified through work investigating protection from selected neuronal-cell insults. It is a research subject rather than a proven consumer treatment for dementia, fatigue, or aging.
Growth signalingIGF-1 LR3 is a modified insulin-like growth factor used in research. It differs from native IGF-1 and from approved medicines containing other IGF-related formulations. A shared family name should not be used to transfer approval, dosing instructions, or clinical evidence between them.
Growth signalingIpamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide and ghrelin-receptor agonist studied as a growth hormone secretagogue. It is often advertised alongside GHRH analogs, but an appealing combination rationale is not the same as clinical proof for recovery, muscle growth, or healthy aging.
Growth signalingKisspeptin refers to peptides involved in reproductive hormone signaling. Different forms, including kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54, appear in research. The form, route, and patient population matter, so a generic kisspeptin label is not enough to identify the intervention.
ImmuneKPV is the tripeptide sequence lysine-proline-valine, associated with the C-terminal region of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is studied for inflammation-related effects. A short sequence and a plausible biological origin do not establish a proven treatment for gut, skin, or immune disease.
MetabolicLiraglutide is a prescription GLP-1 receptor agonist used in distinct products for diabetes and weight management. Victoza and Saxenda contain the same active ingredient but have different labeled purposes and treatment instructions. Their use should be discussed in relation to the patient’s diagnosis rather than grouped into a generic peptide protocol.
ImmuneLL-37 is a human cathelicidin peptide involved in innate immune biology. It has antimicrobial and signaling functions that vary with the tissue environment. Describing it as part of natural defense does not establish that administering additional peptide is a safe or effective antimicrobial treatment.
MetabolicMazdutide is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist studied for obesity and metabolic disease. It belongs to a different receptor combination from tirzepatide. Regulatory developments outside the United States should be described separately from United States approval and availability.
SkinMelanotan I is a historical development name associated with afamelanotide. The regulated afamelanotide implant Scenesse is approved in the United States for increasing pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria and a history of phototoxic reactions. It should not be confused with unapproved tanning products.
SkinMelanotan II is an experimental melanocortin-related peptide promoted online for tanning and other effects. It is distinct from afamelanotide, the ingredient in an approved implant for a rare phototoxicity disorder. Similar names do not establish equivalent selectivity, quality, or regulatory status.
Growth signalingMechano growth factor, or MGF, is a name connected to an IGF-1 splice variant and to research peptides derived from that biology. Online products labeled MGF or PEG-MGF may not represent the same molecular entity studied in gene-expression research.
MetabolicMOTS-c is a short peptide associated with mitochondrial genetic signaling. It is studied for links among cellular stress, metabolism, and communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. An endogenous peptide being measurable in people does not establish that supplementing it is beneficial.
OtherNAD+ is a coenzyme involved in cellular metabolism, not a peptide. It appears in many peptide-oriented catalogs because of interest in wellness and aging. Keeping that classification clear prevents readers from assuming that all compounds in a catalog share the same chemistry or clinical evidence.
SkinOS-01 is a proprietary peptide used in cosmetic skin-care research and products. It is often discussed in relation to cellular senescence. Cosmetic improvements in hydration or appearance should be separated from claims that a product reverses aging throughout the body or treats a medical disease.
NeuroscienceOxytocin is an endogenous peptide hormone with established roles in childbirth and lactation. Regulated oxytocin injections also have specific obstetric uses. Popular descriptions as a love or trust hormone oversimplify the biology and do not establish a general mood or social-wellness treatment.
NeurosciencePinealon is a short synthetic tripeptide studied as a regulatory peptide. It appears in discussions of neuronal stress and aging, but those research themes do not establish an effective treatment for memory loss, insomnia, or general brain health.
OtherPT-141 is a research name associated with bremelanotide. An FDA-approved bremelanotide product, Vyleesi, is indicated for a defined form of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. It is not a general sexual-performance enhancer and its evidence should not be generalized to all people with low desire.
MetabolicRetatrutide is an investigational peptide designed to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. The combination has generated interest in obesity and metabolic research. It remains important to distinguish an investigational study drug from a product advertised online under the same name.
NeuroscienceSelank is a synthetic heptapeptide related to the tuftsin sequence and studied for anxiety-related and other nervous-system effects. It is often marketed as a calming nootropic. Such descriptions should be separated from verified clinical evidence and from United States regulatory approval.
MetabolicSemaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist available in multiple prescription products. Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus are familiar brand names, but they should not be treated as interchangeable instructions. Different formulations and strengths have different labels, approved uses, administration requirements, and patient populations.
NeuroscienceSemax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from an ACTH-related sequence and studied for nervous-system effects. It is frequently described online as a nootropic. That label is a marketing category, not proof of improved cognition or a reviewed United States medical indication.
Growth signalingSermorelin is the biologically active 29-amino-acid fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone. It has a history in diagnostic and pediatric endocrine medicine. Its appearance in modern wellness marketing should not be mistaken for proof of an approved anti-aging or adult body-composition treatment.
MetabolicSLU-PP-332 is an experimental small molecule, not a peptide. It is included here because it frequently appears in peptide catalogs and exercise-mimetic discussions. Its research history is primarily preclinical, so a mouse endurance finding should not be presented as a human fitness treatment.
OtherSS-31 is a development name for elamipretide, a mitochondria-targeting peptide. In September 2025, FDA granted accelerated approval to Forzinity for improving muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome who weigh at least 30 kilograms. This specific approval does not establish a general anti-aging indication.
MetabolicSurvodutide is an investigational dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Research includes obesity and metabolic liver-disease questions. The compound should be distinguished from approved incretin products and from other dual agonists with different receptor targets.
RepairTB-500 is a name used for products related to thymosin beta-4, often including a shorter peptide fragment. Labels are inconsistent, which makes chemical identity a central issue. Evidence about full-length thymosin beta-4 should not automatically be assigned to every product marketed as TB-500.
Growth signalingTesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing factor analog used in FDA-approved prescription products for excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. That narrow indication is often lost in online descriptions that portray it as a general fat-loss or bodybuilding peptide.
MetabolicTesofensine is an investigational monoamine reuptake inhibitor, not a peptide. It is discussed in some peptide-oriented weight-management catalogs, which can obscure its different chemistry and pharmacology. It should not be grouped with GLP-1 medicines as though they were the same class.
RepairThymosin beta-4 is a naturally occurring peptide involved in the organization of actin inside cells. It is studied in several tissue-repair contexts. Full-length thymosin beta-4 is distinct from shorter fragments and from products sold under the ambiguous name TB-500.
MetabolicTirzepatide is a prescription peptide that activates two incretin receptors, GIP and GLP-1. In the United States, approved products include Mounjaro and Zepbound. Those brands have different labeled uses, so the ingredient name alone does not identify the indication, eligibility criteria, presentation, or insurance coverage.
ImmuneVasoactive intestinal peptide, usually abbreviated VIP, is an endogenous signaling peptide with actions in the nervous system, blood vessels, gut, and immune biology. Aviptadil is a name associated with synthetic VIP. Broad biological activity should not be confused with proof that one treatment benefits every disorder involving those systems.
| Compound | Research topic | Overview | Guide |
|---|---|---|---|
| AOD-9604 | Metabolic | AOD-9604 is a modified fragment related to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone. It was investigated for metabolic and weight-related effects. Describing it as a fragment of a familiar hormone does not establish that it shares every action, benefit, or safety property of that hormone. | Read ↗ |
| ARA-290 | Repair | ARA-290, also known as cibinetide, is an investigational peptide designed around tissue-protective signaling associated with erythropoietin biology. It is studied for conditions including small-fiber neuropathy. It should not be portrayed as a proven universal nerve-regeneration treatment. | Read ↗ |
| BPC-157 | Repair | BPC-157 is an experimental 15-amino-acid peptide frequently discussed in connection with tendon, ligament, muscle, and gastrointestinal research. Its popularity in recovery communities is much greater than the strength of evidence establishing a clinical treatment benefit in people. | Read ↗ |
| Cagrilintide | Metabolic | Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management, including in combination with semaglutide. A combination name describes a development program, not proof that an independently purchased mixture has the same identity, quality, or clinical evidence. | Read ↗ |
| Cerebrolysin | Neuroscience | Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived preparation containing a mixture of peptides and other components. It is not one defined synthetic peptide. It has been investigated in neurological conditions and used in some jurisdictions, but United States readers need to distinguish that history from FDA approval. | Read ↗ |
| CJC-1295 | Growth signaling | CJC-1295 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone analog studied for prolonged stimulation of the growth hormone and IGF-1 axis. Online listings frequently blur the distinction between the albumin-binding DAC compound and other modified GHRH fragments. Those names should not be treated as interchangeable. | Read ↗ |
| Dihexa | Neuroscience | Dihexa is an experimental angiotensin IV-related peptidomimetic studied in nervous-system models. Online accounts often use dramatic potency comparisons to imply exceptional cognitive benefit. A laboratory potency statement is not a measure of improvement in a person’s memory or daily functioning. | Read ↗ |
| DSIP | Neuroscience | DSIP stands for delta sleep-inducing peptide, also called emideltide. The name suggests a sleep effect but should not be treated as evidence of a reliable insomnia treatment. The human literature is limited and includes small studies with cautious conclusions. | Read ↗ |
| Epitalon | Other | Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide often discussed in longevity research. Its association with telomeres has led to broad online claims about slowing aging. The ability to change a laboratory marker is much narrower than proof that a treatment extends healthy human life. | Read ↗ |
| Follistatin | Growth signaling | Follistatin is a regulatory protein that binds signaling molecules such as activins. It is not a simple short peptide, and it has multiple isoforms and biological roles. Online muscle-building discussions often reduce this complex biology to blocking myostatin, which can be misleading. | Read ↗ |
| FOXO4-DRI | Other | FOXO4-DRI is an experimental peptide investigated as a senolytic approach. Senolytics aim to selectively remove certain senescent cells. This research concept is not the same as proof that a consumer product reverses human aging or safely improves health in otherwise healthy adults. | Read ↗ |
| GHK-Cu | Skin | GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide studied in skin biology and used in cosmetic formulations. The topical cosmetic ingredient and an injected preparation are different exposures. Evidence about one route should not be used to imply that the other has equivalent benefit or safety. | Read ↗ |
| GHRP-2 | Growth signaling | GHRP-2 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue used in endocrine research. It is also called pralmorelin. Changes in GH release and appetite are part of its pharmacology, but they do not establish an approved muscle-building or anti-aging treatment in the United States. | Read ↗ |
| GHRP-6 | Growth signaling | GHRP-6 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide studied as a secretagogue. It belongs to the ghrelin-receptor family of experimental compounds. Its name is often used in performance-oriented discussions, but hormone stimulation should not be presented as established evidence of better athletic recovery. | Read ↗ |
| GLOW | Skin | GLOW is a marketing name used for peptide blends rather than a single, universally defined molecule. Products can differ in their ingredients, ratios, route, and intended use. A guide should therefore begin with the actual label instead of assuming that every GLOW product represents one standardized intervention. | Read ↗ |
| Gonadorelin | Growth signaling | Gonadorelin is a synthetic form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The endogenous hormone links hypothalamic signaling with pituitary release of reproductive hormones. Its diagnostic and therapeutic history should be separated from current wellness claims and from the status of a particular marketed formulation. | Read ↗ |
| Hexarelin | Growth signaling | Hexarelin is an experimental growth hormone-releasing peptide, also known as examorelin. It has been used to investigate endocrine responses and is sometimes promoted for muscle or recovery goals. A strong hormone response does not establish an approved or beneficial performance-enhancing treatment. | Read ↗ |
| Humanin | Neuroscience | Humanin is a short peptide associated with mitochondrial signaling and cellular stress responses. It was identified through work investigating protection from selected neuronal-cell insults. It is a research subject rather than a proven consumer treatment for dementia, fatigue, or aging. | Read ↗ |
| IGF-1 LR3 | Growth signaling | IGF-1 LR3 is a modified insulin-like growth factor used in research. It differs from native IGF-1 and from approved medicines containing other IGF-related formulations. A shared family name should not be used to transfer approval, dosing instructions, or clinical evidence between them. | Read ↗ |
| Ipamorelin | Growth signaling | Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide and ghrelin-receptor agonist studied as a growth hormone secretagogue. It is often advertised alongside GHRH analogs, but an appealing combination rationale is not the same as clinical proof for recovery, muscle growth, or healthy aging. | Read ↗ |
| Kisspeptin | Growth signaling | Kisspeptin refers to peptides involved in reproductive hormone signaling. Different forms, including kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54, appear in research. The form, route, and patient population matter, so a generic kisspeptin label is not enough to identify the intervention. | Read ↗ |
| KPV | Immune | KPV is the tripeptide sequence lysine-proline-valine, associated with the C-terminal region of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is studied for inflammation-related effects. A short sequence and a plausible biological origin do not establish a proven treatment for gut, skin, or immune disease. | Read ↗ |
| Liraglutide | Metabolic | Liraglutide is a prescription GLP-1 receptor agonist used in distinct products for diabetes and weight management. Victoza and Saxenda contain the same active ingredient but have different labeled purposes and treatment instructions. Their use should be discussed in relation to the patient’s diagnosis rather than grouped into a generic peptide protocol. | Read ↗ |
| LL-37 | Immune | LL-37 is a human cathelicidin peptide involved in innate immune biology. It has antimicrobial and signaling functions that vary with the tissue environment. Describing it as part of natural defense does not establish that administering additional peptide is a safe or effective antimicrobial treatment. | Read ↗ |
| Mazdutide | Metabolic | Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist studied for obesity and metabolic disease. It belongs to a different receptor combination from tirzepatide. Regulatory developments outside the United States should be described separately from United States approval and availability. | Read ↗ |
| Melanotan I | Skin | Melanotan I is a historical development name associated with afamelanotide. The regulated afamelanotide implant Scenesse is approved in the United States for increasing pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria and a history of phototoxic reactions. It should not be confused with unapproved tanning products. | Read ↗ |
| Melanotan II | Skin | Melanotan II is an experimental melanocortin-related peptide promoted online for tanning and other effects. It is distinct from afamelanotide, the ingredient in an approved implant for a rare phototoxicity disorder. Similar names do not establish equivalent selectivity, quality, or regulatory status. | Read ↗ |
| MGF | Growth signaling | Mechano growth factor, or MGF, is a name connected to an IGF-1 splice variant and to research peptides derived from that biology. Online products labeled MGF or PEG-MGF may not represent the same molecular entity studied in gene-expression research. | Read ↗ |
| MOTS-c | Metabolic | MOTS-c is a short peptide associated with mitochondrial genetic signaling. It is studied for links among cellular stress, metabolism, and communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. An endogenous peptide being measurable in people does not establish that supplementing it is beneficial. | Read ↗ |
| NAD+ | Other | NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in cellular metabolism, not a peptide. It appears in many peptide-oriented catalogs because of interest in wellness and aging. Keeping that classification clear prevents readers from assuming that all compounds in a catalog share the same chemistry or clinical evidence. | Read ↗ |
| OS-01 | Skin | OS-01 is a proprietary peptide used in cosmetic skin-care research and products. It is often discussed in relation to cellular senescence. Cosmetic improvements in hydration or appearance should be separated from claims that a product reverses aging throughout the body or treats a medical disease. | Read ↗ |
| Oxytocin | Neuroscience | Oxytocin is an endogenous peptide hormone with established roles in childbirth and lactation. Regulated oxytocin injections also have specific obstetric uses. Popular descriptions as a love or trust hormone oversimplify the biology and do not establish a general mood or social-wellness treatment. | Read ↗ |
| Pinealon | Neuroscience | Pinealon is a short synthetic tripeptide studied as a regulatory peptide. It appears in discussions of neuronal stress and aging, but those research themes do not establish an effective treatment for memory loss, insomnia, or general brain health. | Read ↗ |
| PT-141 | Other | PT-141 is a research name associated with bremelanotide. An FDA-approved bremelanotide product, Vyleesi, is indicated for a defined form of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. It is not a general sexual-performance enhancer and its evidence should not be generalized to all people with low desire. | Read ↗ |
| Retatrutide | Metabolic | Retatrutide is an investigational peptide designed to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. The combination has generated interest in obesity and metabolic research. It remains important to distinguish an investigational study drug from a product advertised online under the same name. | Read ↗ |
| Selank | Neuroscience | Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide related to the tuftsin sequence and studied for anxiety-related and other nervous-system effects. It is often marketed as a calming nootropic. Such descriptions should be separated from verified clinical evidence and from United States regulatory approval. | Read ↗ |
| Semaglutide | Metabolic | Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist available in multiple prescription products. Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus are familiar brand names, but they should not be treated as interchangeable instructions. Different formulations and strengths have different labels, approved uses, administration requirements, and patient populations. | Read ↗ |
| Semax | Neuroscience | Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from an ACTH-related sequence and studied for nervous-system effects. It is frequently described online as a nootropic. That label is a marketing category, not proof of improved cognition or a reviewed United States medical indication. | Read ↗ |
| Sermorelin | Growth signaling | Sermorelin is the biologically active 29-amino-acid fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone. It has a history in diagnostic and pediatric endocrine medicine. Its appearance in modern wellness marketing should not be mistaken for proof of an approved anti-aging or adult body-composition treatment. | Read ↗ |
| SLU-PP-332 | Metabolic | SLU-PP-332 is an experimental small molecule, not a peptide. It is included here because it frequently appears in peptide catalogs and exercise-mimetic discussions. Its research history is primarily preclinical, so a mouse endurance finding should not be presented as a human fitness treatment. | Read ↗ |
| SS-31 | Other | SS-31 is a development name for elamipretide, a mitochondria-targeting peptide. In September 2025, FDA granted accelerated approval to Forzinity for improving muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome who weigh at least 30 kilograms. This specific approval does not establish a general anti-aging indication. | Read ↗ |
| Survodutide | Metabolic | Survodutide is an investigational dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Research includes obesity and metabolic liver-disease questions. The compound should be distinguished from approved incretin products and from other dual agonists with different receptor targets. | Read ↗ |
| TB-500 | Repair | TB-500 is a name used for products related to thymosin beta-4, often including a shorter peptide fragment. Labels are inconsistent, which makes chemical identity a central issue. Evidence about full-length thymosin beta-4 should not automatically be assigned to every product marketed as TB-500. | Read ↗ |
| Tesamorelin | Growth signaling | Tesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing factor analog used in FDA-approved prescription products for excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. That narrow indication is often lost in online descriptions that portray it as a general fat-loss or bodybuilding peptide. | Read ↗ |
| Tesofensine | Metabolic | Tesofensine is an investigational monoamine reuptake inhibitor, not a peptide. It is discussed in some peptide-oriented weight-management catalogs, which can obscure its different chemistry and pharmacology. It should not be grouped with GLP-1 medicines as though they were the same class. | Read ↗ |
| Thymosin Beta-4 | Repair | Thymosin beta-4 is a naturally occurring peptide involved in the organization of actin inside cells. It is studied in several tissue-repair contexts. Full-length thymosin beta-4 is distinct from shorter fragments and from products sold under the ambiguous name TB-500. | Read ↗ |
| Tirzepatide | Metabolic | Tirzepatide is a prescription peptide that activates two incretin receptors, GIP and GLP-1. In the United States, approved products include Mounjaro and Zepbound. Those brands have different labeled uses, so the ingredient name alone does not identify the indication, eligibility criteria, presentation, or insurance coverage. | Read ↗ |
| VIP | Immune | Vasoactive intestinal peptide, usually abbreviated VIP, is an endogenous signaling peptide with actions in the nervous system, blood vessels, gut, and immune biology. Aviptadil is a name associated with synthetic VIP. Broad biological activity should not be confused with proof that one treatment benefits every disorder involving those systems. | Read ↗ |